
What does it cost to clean up a sea, and can anyone prove the money works?
September 27th, 2026For nearly forty years, the nine countries around the Baltic Sea have been counting what runs into it. Since 1987, the Baltic Marine Environment Protection Commission, better known as HELCOM, has compiled a running stocktake of nutrients reaching the sea from farms, cities, factories, and the air, now approaching its ninth edition. It is, by any measure, a serious piece of collective science.